Construction of Coastal Ecological Networks in the Bohai Rim Region under the Perspective of Land–Sea Coordination

The construction of ecological networks is a key approach to connecting terrestrial and marine habitats in coastal zones, thereby safeguarding biodiversity and ecological security. This study takes the Bohai Rim Economic Zone as the research area, integrating ecological redlines and morphological spatial pattern analysis to identify ecological sources based on assessments of habitat quality, landscape connectivity, and ecological sensitivity. A composite resistance surface was constructed, and ecological corridors were extracted using circuit theory, followed by the proposal of targeted optimization strategies. The results indicate that: (1) ecological sources are primarily concentrated in the Taihang Mountains, Yanshan Mountains, Liaodong Hills, and the Shuangtaizi River estuary, covering a total area of 91256.12 km²; (2) ecological corridors are mainly distributed across the Liaoxi Corridor, the Taihang Mountains–North China Plain transition zone, and the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Coastal corridors are concentrated at the estuaries of the Liao, Yellow, and Yalu Rivers, displaying a banded distribution along the shoreline. Marine corridors are relatively sparse, and certain areas have become fragmented due to human activities. These findings provide a scientific basis for the construction of coastal ecological networks and the integrated management of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Constructing ecological networks is a key approach to connecting terrestrial and marine habitats in coastal zones and safeguarding biodiversity and ecological security. This study focuses on the Bohai Economic Rim, integrating ecological red line data with morphological spatial analysis. Based on evaluations of habitat quality, landscape connectivity, and ecological sensitivity, ecological sources were identified. A comprehensive resistance surface was constructed considering both natural and anthropogenic factors, and ecological corridors were extracted using circuit theory, followed by optimization strategies. Results show that: (1) Ecological sources are mainly concentrated in the Taihang Mountains, Yanshan Mountains, Liaodong Hills, and the Shuangtaizi Estuary, covering a total area of 91256.12 km²; (2) Ecological corridors are primarily distributed in the Western Liaoning Corridor, Taihang Mountains–North China Plain, and the lower Yellow River region. Coastal corridors are mainly located at the estuaries of the Liao River, Yellow River, and Yalu River, forming belt-like patterns along the coast. Marine corridors are fewer and show fragmentation due to human activities. The findings provide scientific support for ecological network planning and integrated land-sea ecosystem management in coastal areas.