Research progress on environmental impact of marine energy development

The development of marine energy, such as tidal energy, wave energy and offshore wind energy, has a complex impact on the marine ecological environment. This study conducts a comprehensive visualization analysis through CiteSpace software on 655 relevant publications, systematically summarizing the diverse influences of tidal energy, wave energy and offshore wind energy development on artificial reef construction, noise pollution, wildlife collision risks, electromagnetic field disturbances, benthic habitat alterations, and the overall functioning of marine systems. It further identifies five principal research methods employed in current studies, thereby providing a reference for future scientific research aimed at promoting environmentally sustainable strategies and policies for marine energy exploitation.