Abstract: This paper established the vulnerability assessment system of ecosystem in Xiangshan bay based on the concept model of VSD.Through analysis and calculation, it is concluded that the vulnerability of ecosystem in Xiangshan bay is in a moderate degree and the main stress factors are the development of port industry and aquaculture activities.System sensitivity factor is marine biodiversity index. The best adaptation strategy is to continuously improve the environmental protection laws and management mechanism and Strengthen environmental remediation and increase investment in the third industry. The results showed that the assessment of ecological vulnerability in Xiangshan bay is of great significance to the rational exploitation of natural resources and environmental protection in the economic construction.This paper collected the natural and social economic data of Xiangshan bay, evaluated and analysed its Ecosystem vulnerability, in order to provide theoretical reference for the rational use of ecological resources in the development and construction of environmental protection, and provide the basis for ecological restoration work and regional sustainable development.