Abstract: Harmful algae bloom(HAB) is becoming increasingly occurrence in China coast. In comparison, the small shift of frequent coastal area, the change of dominant species is dramatic.Total 51 dominant species caused HAB in China had been recorded from 2008 to 2013.The HAB caused by dinoflagellates and toxic dinoflagellates evidently increased. Toxic microalgae production a variety of algae toxins are widely distributed in the China coast, at least 3 lines of Alexandrium spp. production paralytic shellfish poisoning are existing for many years. There are 5 lines Dinophysis species which can produce okadaic acid toxin and dinophysis toxins of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, and pectenotoxin distributed along entire Chinese coast. There are 3 species dinoflagellates production YTX perennial presence in north of Yellow Sea. Paralytic shellfish poisoning, Okadaic acid toxin and Dinophysis toxin, Pectenotoxin, Yessotoxin, gymnodimine have been found in a variety of shellfish in China. This paper reviewed and summarized systematically variation trend and distribution of HAB and dominant species, the types of toxic microalgae and structures of phycotoxins they produce and existing in Chinese bivalves. The health risk for Chinese shellfish was studied and assessed by using a risk quotient method at first. There are only two samples coming from Fujian in spring exceeded the safety evaluation value, with the consumption risk.Those samples coming from a certain place( like Dalian) are all close to the value of safety assessment, may indicate having risk of some regions. The risk of different bivalves became with time and station; in the late spring and early summer, mussels had the biggest risk, and then scallop, oyster with minimum risk in Dayao Bay; the difference of algae toxins was different between different organs of shellfish, the content of YTX in the digestive gland was much higher than in others, therefore, different ways for eating may have different risk. Overall, common species of bivalve in China Coast had the low risk of paralytic shellfish poisoning and Yessotoxin for eaters.