Abstract: The distribution of coral reefs were investigated in Yelin bay, Wenchang, Hainan, by the line intercept transect methods to assess the health status of coral reef ecosystems, and the main factors affecting the health status of coral reef ecosystems were analyzed.Preliminary analysis showed that reclamation could be the main factors affecting the health status of coral reef ecosystems in Yelin bay.Taking the reclamation in Nanhai and Dongjiao areas as an example, the paper made a comparative analysis of the changes in the distribution of coral reefs (species, coverage, etc.), and the changes in the water quality in the study area before and after the construction.The result shows that the coral reefs have obvious ecological response to the reclamation construction, which makes it clear that reclamation construction is one of the most important factors affecting the coral ecosystem in the Yelin bay area.