Abstract: The outbreak of Aurelia aurita, as a new marine ecological disaster, has received high attention from coastal countries around the world, but its prevention and control are relatively passive. The symbiotic microorganisms of jellyfish affect their metamorphosis and reproduction, showing potential as important biological indicators of jellyfish blooms. From the unique life cycle and living environment of Aurelia aurita, this paper analyzes the main causes of jellyfish outbreaks, summarizes the microbial communities related to jellyfish and the particularity of microbial communities in the polyp period, and discusses the potential indicative role and biotechnology potential of microorganisms in the growth, development, reproduction and outbreak of jellyfish. Besides, this paper explores the relationship between jellyfish-associated microorganisms and jellyfish, and in the future expects to find out the correlation between jellyfish outbreaks and the structure of the microbial community. It is expected to reveal the correlation between jellyfish outbreaks and microbial community structure by conducting surveys on population structure and abundance, explore new ways of preventing jellyfish outbreaks, and achieve early warning of jellyfish disasters.