北黄海生物短链和中链氯化石蜡的分布特征及风险评估

Distribution and exposure risk assessment of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in marine organisms from the North Yellow Sea of China

  • 摘要: 氯化石蜡(chlorinated paraffins,CPs)是一类广泛使用的工业化学品,常用作阻燃剂、增塑剂等添加到塑料及其制品中。其中,短链氯化石蜡(short-chain CPs, SCCPs)和中链氯化石蜡(medium-chain CPs, MCCPs)因其环境持久性、生物累积性和水生生物毒性受到全球关注。我国是氯化石蜡生产和使用的大国,SCCPs和MCCPs在海洋环境的赋存和生态风险尤其值得关注。本研究采集了北黄海12种海洋生物,采用稳定氮/碳同位素分析方法确定其营养级。基于气相色谱−静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(gas chromatography-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry,GC-Orbitrap-HRMS)对SCCPs和MCCPs进行定量分析,探究中国北黄海海域海洋生物体内SCCPs和MCCPs的分布特征,并对其暴露风险进行评估。结果表明,SCCPs和MCCPs在所有采集样本中普遍存在,SCCPs浓度为29.2~2450.4 ng/g dw,略高于MCCPs(12.1~1362.8 ng/g dw)。生物体内SCCPs和MCCPs干重浓度与脂质含量具有较强的相关性(r2=0.61,p<0.05)。SCCPs同系物分布以C10-CPs和C11-CPs为主,MCCPs以C14-CPs为主。SCCPs和MCCPs中均为Cl7-8同系物丰度最高。SCCPs及MCCPs同系物的生物放大因子(biomagnification factors,BMF) 随着辛醇−水分配系数(octanol-water partition coefficient,log Kow )的增加呈下降趋势。SCCPs(BMF=0.23)和MCCPs(BMF=0.14)在许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)与小黄鱼 (Larimichthys polyactis)之间表现出生物稀释作用。此外,还对食用鱼类中SCCPs和MCCPs的潜在暴露风险进行了评估,其风险熵(hazard quotient,HQ)最大值分别为0.04 和0.06,均无风险。对于农村和城镇居民而言,通过食用这些鱼类而摄入的SCCPs和MCCPs水平不会对人体健康造成显著影响。

     

    Abstract: The ocean is a treasure trove of resources that supports future development and a strategic space. Protecting marine resources is crucial for economic development and food security. As a sink for terrestrial pollutants, it is urgent to conduct surveys and research on the distribution characteristics and risks of emerging pollutants in marine environments and marine organisms .Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are a class of widely used industrial chemicals, which have been commonly used as flame retardants, plasticizers, and other additives in plastics and their products. Among them, short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) have received global attentions due to their persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation, and aquatic toxicity. China is the largest producer and user for CPs, and the distribution and ecological risks of SCCPs and MCCPs in marine environments are particularly worthy of attention. In this study, a total of 12 marine species were sampled from the North Yellow Sea of China, encompassing seven fish species and five benthic organisms. Stable nitrogen/carbon isotope analysis was adopted to determine their trophic level. Quantitative analysis of SCCPs and MCCPs was conducted using gas chromatography-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-Orbitrap-HRMS). This study revealed the presence of SCCPs and MCCPs in all specimens. The SCCP concentrations ranged from 29.2 to 2450.4 ng/g dry weight (dw) which was higher than MCCPs in the range of 12.1-1362.8 ng/g dw. The concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs in the marine species were strongly correlated with lipid content (r2=0.61, p<0.05). The congener patterns of SCCPs were dominated by C10-CPs and C11-CPs, while MCCPs was dominated by C14-CPs. The Cl7-8 congeners predominated in the distribution of both SCCPs and MCCPs. The biomagnification factors (BMF) of SCCP and MCCP congeners decreased with an increase in their octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow). SCCPs (BMF=0.23) and MCCPs (BMF=0.14) showed biological dilution effect between the predator Sebastes schlegelii and its prey Larimichthys polyactis. In addition, the potential exposure risk of SCCPs and MCCPs from fish consumption were assessed, with the maximum hazard quotient (HQ) values of 0.04 and 0.06, respectively. For both rural and urban residents, the levels of SCCPs and MCCPs ingested through consumption of these fish would not have a significant impact on human health.

     

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