Abstract: To understand the occurrence characteristics and ecological risks of antibiotics in water and sediments in the Xiamen coastal area, the 29 typical antibiotics of 6 types were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in this study. Meanwhile, the potential ecological risks of antibiotics in the water from the Xiamen coastal area were evaluated based on the ecological risk model. Results showed that the 24 typical antibiotics of 6 types in water were detected at the Xiamen coastal area, the detection frequency was 6.25% to 100%, and the monomer concentration ranged from 0.9 to 2450 ng/L. The 13 typical antibiotics of 6 types in sediment were detected, the detection frequency was 6.25% to 100%, and the monomer concentration ranged from 0.44 to 53.7 ng/g. Tetracyclines and sulfonamides were the main antibiotics types detected in both water and sediments, and the antibiotics concentration was higher in Tongan Bay and Western Sea. The result of ecological risk assessment showed that the CTC, LIM, NFC, and OFC in waters posed high ecological risk, the OTC, ETM, ATM, TLS, SMX, EFC, CPC, and FFC posed medium ecological risks, and other antibiotics posed low ecological risk. The relevant departments should pay enough attention to it.