Abstract: Marine plastic litter is a prominent marine ecological and environmental problem around the people, posing a serious threat to the marine economy, biodiversity and marine ecosystem health. This paper introduces the existing full-chain management system for addressing marine plastic litter in China, including source control of plastic production and use, prevention and control of land-based, river, fishing, port and ship waste plastic entering the sea, supervision and cleaning of marine plastic litter. This paper also introduces the effectiveness of China's marine plastic litter management from multiple perspectives, including institutional establishment, technological innovation, pluralistic governance, and public participation, and looks forward to the improvement of China's marine plastic litter governance capabilities.