Abstract: In order to understand the status of hydrocarbon organic pollution in surface sediments of Leizhou bay, surface sediment samples from 20 stations were collected in 2021. The concentrations of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively and their distribution characteristics and sources were analyzed. The ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was evaluated. The results show that the contents of n-alkanes and PAHs are 128-948 ng/g and 4.63-28.66 ng/g, respectively, in the surface sediment samples of Leizhou bay, which is generally at a low level. The ratio of characteristic parameters show that n-alkanes are mainly derived from terrestrial woody plants and herbaceous plants, some of which are mixed with marine sources. Data show that there is a certain threat of oil pollution in Leizhou bay; PAHs are mainly composed of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (4-6 rings). The results of ratio method show that most of PAHs come from coal and wood combustion, while a small amount from petroleum combustion. The results of effect interval analysis show that the risk of negative ecological effects of PAHs in surface sediments of Leizhou bay is low.