Abstract: The spatial distribution characteristics, correlation and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Laoyehai lagoon were investigated by measuring the contents of heavy metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, As, and environment factors TOC, TP, TN, sulfide and petroleum in 2019. The results showed that the distribution of each factor in the sediments of the Laoyehai lagoon was very irregular, except for TP and TN, which were moderately variable, while all other factors were highly variable. The overall sediment factors showed a decreasing trend from the inner lagoon to the outer lagoon, and Cu, Pb, As, sulfide and petroleum all had high values near the mouth area. The coefficient of variation of each factor was in the following order, Petroleum>Hg>TOC>Cd>Cu>sulfide>Pb>As>Zn>Cr>TN>TP. Pearson correlation analysis shows that Cd, Zn, Pb, Cr, TN, Petroleum, TOC, sulfide, Cu come from the same source or in the same way, input of land and sea source pollution, it was mainly influenced by marine aquaculture, net farming, urban industrial and agricultural production. sulfide was related to the enrichment of Cd and As. The correlation between Hg and other factors is low or not, indicating that the main source of Hg is different from other factors. The potential ecological risk of 7 sediment heavy metals were in the following order, Hg>Cd>Pb>As>Cu>Zn>Cr. Hg and Cd are the main potential ecological risk factors. The geological accumulation index evaluates of pollution degree in the following order, Cd>Hg>Pb>Zn>Cr>As>Cu, the sediment of the Laoyehai lagoon is lightly polluted, and Cd and Hg were the main pollution factors.