Abstract: Based on the survey data in May (spring) and August (summer) of 2021, the distribution characteristics of oil content and its pollution status in surface sediments of Sansha bay fishery waters were studied. The results showed that the content of oil pollutants in the surface sediments of the study area was between 8.65×10⁻⁶ and 126×10⁻⁶, with an average content was 53.1×10⁻⁶, and the oil content showed the seasonal variation characteristics were slightly higher in spring than in summer. The horizontal distribution of average oil content in spring and summer showed that the S2 and S8 stations in the south of the bay and the S3 station in the east were the highest, the stations in the north were the second, the S4 station in the west and the S1 station in the south were the lowest. The oil content of S2 and S8 stations in the south and S3 station in the east of the study area were relatively higher than that of other stations, it may be closely related to the frequent activities of cage culture and ships (cage culture ships and other ships) in the area. Compared with the historical data, the content of oil pollutants in the surface sediments of the study area showed a trend of increase by years, and compared with other sea areas, the content of oil pollutants in the surface sediments of the study area was still at a relatively low level.