Abstract: In order to study the impact of ecological environment change in the Yellow River watershed on the ecological environment of Laizhou Bay, the total organic matter parameters, the composition and content of aliphatic hydrocarbon in the sediment core (70 cm) of the Yellow River Estuary were analyzed and measured. The results show that organic matter content of sediments was low, and the proportion of organic matter from terrestrial higher plants and petroleum hydrocarbons derived human activities in sediment organic matter was low, and marine algae, animal and bacterial organic matter were the main sources of organic matter content in the sediment core of the Yellow River Estuary before 1968. From 1968 to 2001, the organic matter content in sediments of Yellow River Estuary increased year by year, and the content of terrestrial organic matter and petroleum hydrocarbons derived human activity in the sediments increased. From 2001 to 2010, the organic matter content in the sediments of Yellow River Estuary was low, in which the proportion of organic matter from algae and bacteria increased, and the pollution of petroleum hydrocarbon derived human activities was still obvious. After 2010, the organic matter content in the sediments of Yellow River Estuary showed an increasing trend, and the content of terrestrial organic matter and petroleum hydrocarbons derived human activity in the sediments also showed an increasing trend. In conclusion, the degree of organic pollution in the Yellow River Estuary area is relatively light, the sediment organic matter is a mixed sources of natural and human activity input, and the petroleum hydrocarbon derived human activities is the main source of aliphatic hydrocarbon pollution in the Yellow River estuary.