渤海山东近岸海域大型底栖动物的群落结构及多样性分析

Community structure and diversity of macrozoobenthos at Bohai Sea off Shandong

  • 摘要: 本文基于2017年8月和2018年8月渤海山东近岸海域大型底栖动物的调查数据,对大型底栖动物种类组成、密度、生物量、生物多样性指数及群落结构等进行了分析。结果表明,两个航次共采集到大型底栖动物104种,其中,主要种类组成为多毛类46种,甲壳类30种,软体动物15种,棘皮动物5种。调查海域底栖动物优势种类以个体偏小的种类彩虹明樱蛤(Moerella iribescens)、不倒翁虫(Sternaspis sculata)和寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephtys oligobranchia)为主。2017年调查海域大型底栖动物平均密度为91个/m2,平均生物量为7.61 g/m2,生物多样性指数(H′)平均值为2.52;2018年大型底栖动物平均密度为263个/m2,平均生物量为19.98 g/m2H′平均值为2.67。渤海山东近岸海域大型底栖动物分布可分为两个区域:一部分位于滨州近岸、黄河口以北东营近岸、龙口港南部海域,此处底栖生物受人类活动影响,种类较少,生物分布具有局部随机性;另一部分为相对远岸的区域,生物种类丰富,多样性指数较高,形成以不倒翁虫−彩虹明樱蛤−寡鳃齿吻沙蚕为主的生物群落。丰度/生物量比较曲线(ABC)分析显示,调查海域多数站位大型底栖动物群落结构稳定,未受干扰,少数受到严重扰动的站位位于近岸区域。

     

    Abstract: The community of macrozoobenthos was investigated at Bohai Sea off Shandong in August 2017 and 2018. The species composition, abundance, biomass, community structure and biodiversity were analyzed. A total of 104 macrozoobenthos species were separated, which mainly composed of 46 species of polychaetes, 30 species of crustaceans, 15 species of mollusks and 5 species of echinoderms. The dominant species were Moerella iribescens, Sternaspis sculata and Nephtys oligobranchia, which were small sized macrozoobenthos. The average abundance of macrozoobenthos was 91 ind/m2 and the biomass was 7.61 g/m2 in 2017, which was 263 ind/m2 and 19.98 g/m2 in 2018. The average Shannon-Wiener index was 2.52 in 2017, which was 2.67 in 2018. The distribution of macrozoobenthos can be divided into two regions. One is mainly included the Binzhou-north of the Yellow River Estuary of Dongying offshore, and the southern offshore area of Longkou Port, which was disturbed by anthropogenic activities, There are few benthic species in this region, and the distribution has local randomness; the other part is the area far off the coast, which has the characteristics of rich species and higher biodiversity, dominated by Sternaspis sculata, Moerella iribescens and Nephtys oligobranchia. The ABC curve showed that the macrozoobenthos community structure at most stations were stable, just few disturbed stations were located near the coast.

     

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