浅谈我国海洋环境中人类肠病毒的污染监管

Discussion on pollution control of human enteric viruses in marine environment of China

  • 摘要: 介水传染病是当今世界主要环境问题之一,其中人类肠病毒通过污染水体导致人类感染的胃肠道等疾病是主要传染病之一。本文以人类肠病毒经过污水处理厂排放为起点,分析其进入海洋环境后通过海水或海产品等途径给人体健康带来的风险;综述了国内外关于海洋环境中病原微生物的监测与评价技术体系的最新进展,指出目前我国海洋环境微生物监测指标和评价方法还不能满足指示人类肠病毒污染的问题。基于此,本文提出为更好地保护公众健康,我国迫切需要制定切实可行的海洋环境中人类肠病毒的风险监管措施,包括构建科学的海洋环境中人类肠病毒监测技术体系,构建全国相关的监测网络体系,构建海洋环境中人类肠病毒风险评价和预警体系,制定加强我国海洋环境中人类肠病毒的污染监管办法等。

     

    Abstract: Water-borne infectious diseases are one of the major environmental problems in the world today, of which enteric viruses are the main pathogen that causes human gastrointestinal and other diseases. This paper analyzes the pollution of enteric viruses into the marine environment and the harm to human health caused by bathing beaches and seafood. This paper reviews the latest status of human enteric viruses surveillance in the marine environment at home and abroad, and points out that the current indicators and evaluation methods of microorganisms in the marine environment in China cannot indicate human enteric viruses contamination. Based on these, 4 suggestions are proposed. The first one is to formulate the technical supervision system. The second one is construct the related national monitoring network system of human enteric viruses in our marine environment. The third one is to carry out risk assessment and early warning research on human enteric viruses in our marine environment and construct the relevant system. The fourth one is to strengthen the supervision of human enteric viruses pollution in China's marine environment.

     

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