Abstract: Under the historical orientation of the new era and the realistic background of a new round of institutional reform, China’s marine environmental governance has made some positive changes in the aspects of subjects, means, goals and objects. At the same time, it also faces some difficulties such as the lag of system design, overlapping of management functions, weak governance capacity of grass-roots, and urgent need of improving governance effect. In the future practice of marine environmental governance, it is necessary to reconstruct part of the governance systems, strengthen cross-sector coordination, consolidate governance responsibilities, and improve the governance capacity of grass-roots. Through these measures, we can respond to the demands of the times and promote the modernization of national marine environmental governance.