Abstract: The use of antibiotics in China’s mariculture industry attracts increasing public concerns due to the undesirable effects on human health and ecosystems. As mariculture areas connect with sea, residual antibiotics, which are not absorbed by seafoods, are prone to diffuse into the surrounding seawater or deposit in the sediments, and then give rise to the antibiotic contamination and antibiotic resistance in the marine ecosystem. On the other hand, antibiotic residues in seafoods lead to the problems of food security and trade disputes. In this review, we summarize the usage of antibiotics in the mariculture, the antibiotic concentrations in the water and sediment of mariculture areas, and the antibiotic residues in main seafoods in China. The data and status analysis will provide guidance to the rational use and surveillance of antibiotics in China’s mariculture industry.