Abstract: The life cycle of Rhopilema esculentum involves pelagic medusa and benthic polyp. Asexual reproduction is the main reproduction method of R. esculentum. As one of the asexual reproductions, the strobilation is the only way to transform polyps to medusae, which is mainly regulated by temperature. In order to investigate the effects of low temperature induction and the molecular regulation mechanism in the strobilation, R. esculentum polyps were cultured at low temperature for a short period, and the transcriptome differences between the low temperature group and control group were compared and analyzed. Results showed that there were 1655 differential expressed genes in the strobilation, which involved in TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), Wnt (wingless-int) and Cell Cycle signaling pathways. Under the induction of low temperature, the above signaling pathways responded, but the Wnt signaling pathway was inhibited and the other three pathways were activated. This study preliminarily demonstrates the molecular regulation pathways involved in low temperature-induced R. esculentum polyps, which provides a help for further investigation of molecular regulation mechanism in strobilation of R. esculentum.