Abstract: The study interpreted seven temporal satellite remote sensing images of Zhoushan Petrochemical Base project area, Combined the collection of relevant information and the field survey of landing on the island, extracted and analyzed the changes of coastline and vegetation distribution in different periods of Zhoushan petrochemical base construction through remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS). The results show that natural shoreline of island group reduced by 21.335 km in Zhoushan Petrochemical Base Project which accounts for 75.4% of the original natural coastline. Vegetation of island group reduced by 3.537 km² which accounts for 74.0% of the vegetation area of the original island group in the past three years. The change of island group can be divided into four stages: the development of main island Dayushan, the process of connecting Dayushan island and Xiaoyushan island, the island group enclosed as a whole and enclosure period of island group expansion. In the first three stages, the natural shoreline of island group decreased rapidly, the artificial shoreline increased rapidly. In the fourth stage, the natural shoreline decreased slowly, and the artificial shoreline rushed up and fell back quickly. The vegetation of the island group decreased rapidly in the first two stages and slowly in the latter two stages. The above characteristics are mainly related to the process of the project construction. It is suggested that the island management department should do a good job in ecological protection and restoration in the development of the island group because of the serious influence to the original ecological environment of the island group created by the project development.