Abstract: Marine sediments are not only the reservoir of pollutants, but also the source of overlying water. There are high bacterial richness and diversity in marine sediments, and the heterogeneity of sediments lead to bacterial community of oil spill response diversely. The structure and diversity of bacterial communities can reflect the degree of oil pollution and the level of biodegradation to a certain extent, and there is a relationship between the relative abundance of hydrocarbon degradation genes and the level of pollution. In this paper, the diversity of bacterial communities in marine sediments after oil spill was reviewed, and the variation of bacterial communities in the supratidal zone, intertidal zone, subtidal zone and deep-sea sediments after oil spill was emphatically analyzed.