我国虾夷扇贝毒素的研究进展

doi:10.12111/j.cnki.mes20180524

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摘要虾夷扇贝毒素（yessotoxins，YTXs）是甲藻产生，并可在滤食性生物体内累积的一类多环聚醚海洋微藻毒素。由于其经常与腹泻性贝毒（diarrhetic shellfish poisoning，DSP）中的大田软海绵酸（okadaic acid，OA）和鳍藻毒素（dinophysistoxins，DTXs）共同存在，所以YTXs最初被划分为腹泻性贝毒。研究表明YTXs并不会诱导腹泻，也不具有抑制蛋白磷酸酶2A活性的能力，而是对动物的心脏、肝脏、神经系统造成损伤，所以研究人员将其从DSP组中分离出来。随着对YTXs的分子生物学研究不断深入，科研工作者已从贝类和甲藻中分离出100多种YTX同系物，其中仅有约40种衍生物的结构通过高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术（LC-MS/MS）和核磁共振技术（NMR）得到证实。YTXs毒素广泛分布于全球海域，其潜在威胁不容忽视。本文对虾夷扇贝毒素的来源、分布、毒性以及国内研究现状等进行了综述，以期为深入研究、制定监测规划、预防和消除其危害提供理论基础。

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	宋珊珊
	车如心
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	梁玉波

关键词：虾夷扇贝毒素腹泻性贝毒高效液相串联质谱技术

Abstract：Yessotoxins (YTXs) are marine algal toxins with polycyclic polyethers produced by three species of dinoflagellate and can be accumulated in filter feeding organisms. YTXs were put into the group of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), because they often co-existed with okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxins (DTXs) in shellfish. There were the positive results when shellfish were tested with the mouse bioassay method. However, toxicological studies have shown that YTXs can neither induce diarrhea nor inhibit the activity of protein phosphatase, but they have damages on heart, liver and nervous system. Therefore, YTXs have been separated from DSP group. With increasing researches on YTXs, more than 100 homologs have been identified from shellfish and dinoflagellate samples, and the chemical structure of 40 derivatives have been eludicated by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In this review, the distribution and toxicology of YTXs and its producer in China coast were reviewed, and some of results on the distribution of YTXs in sea water column were also covered.

Key words： yessotoxin diarrhetic shellfish poisoning LC-MS/MS

收稿日期: 2017-03-21;

PACS:

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金项目（41576120，41176086）

通讯作者: 刘仁沿(1963-),女,辽宁辽中人,研究员,主要从事海洋环境化学与有毒赤潮生态学研究,E-mail:ryliu@nmemc.org.cn E-mail: ryliu@nmemc.org.cn

作者简介:宋珊珊(1992-),女,辽宁海城人,硕士研究生,主要从事海洋环境化学与有毒赤潮生态学研究,E-mail:anniebaby33@qq.com

引用本文:

宋珊珊,车如心,刘仁沿等. 我国虾夷扇贝毒素的研究进展[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2018, 37(5): 785-791.

SONG Shan-shan,CHE Ru-xin,LIU Ren-yan et al. Research progresses on yessotoxins in China[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2018, 37(5): 785-791.

链接本文:

http://hyhjkx.nmemc.org.cn/CN/10.12111/j.cnki.mes20180524 或 http://hyhjkx.nmemc.org.cn/CN/Y2018/V37/I5/785

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